How do you control external bleeding in the field and what tools or methods are commonly used?

• A. Apply direct pressure with clean dressing, apply a tourniquet only if necessary for limb bleeding, use hemostatic dressings, and monitor vital signs; seek medical help.
• B. Apply pressure only and never use dressings.
• C. Apply a tourniquet immediately for all bleeding.
• D. Let the bleeding stop on its own without intervention.

Answer: (C)

Controlling external bleeding in the field starts with stopping the bleed using direct pressure and clean dressings, then escalating care only as needed. Direct pressure works by physically compressing the injured vessel and promoting clot formation, making it the first-line step for most wounds. If blood soaks through the first dressing, do not remove it; add more dressings on top and maintain firm pressure until bleeding slows or stops.

If bleeding from a limb remains severe and cannot be controlled with direct pressure (or is life-threatening), a tourniquet is used as a last resort to cut off blood flow proximal to the wound. Place it high on the limb, away from joints, and tighten until the bleeding is stopped; note the time of application and seek medical help promptly. Hemostatic dressings can also be used in conjunction with direct pressure to speed clotting, especially in difficult locations or when standard dressings alone aren’t enough.

Tourniquets are not applied for all bleeding—control of torso, neck, or non-limb bleeding relies on pressure and dressings, and seek advanced care as needed. Throughout, monitor the patient’s condition and treat for shock if indicated.